The “values–beliefs–norms” model development in the study of the Murmansk region population pro-ecological behavior: The specifics of single-industry towns

Abstract

The study examines the factors that determine pro-environmental activism among the population. Our research is based on data from a sociological survey conducted in the Murmansk region in 2023. Using latent class analysis (LCA), we demonstrate consistent relationships among the following factors: beliefs about the existence of environmental problems; beliefs about the culpability of business and government in causing them; and norms regarding the attribution responsibility for solving environmental problems to business and government, as well as to the respondents themselves.