Индивидуальные характеристики и инновационная активность предпринимателей: кто создает инновации в разных странах?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22394/1993-7601-2025-78-66-89Ключевые слова:
глобальный мониторинг предпринимательства, раннее предпринимательство, инновации, модель конечной смеси, кластеризацияАннотация
На данных Глобального мониторинга предпринимательства c 2005 по 2018 г. исследуется гетерогенность связи индивидуальных характеристик предпринимателей с вероятностью осуществления ими инновационной деятельности в разных странах. В качестве зависимой переменной используется бинарная переменная, отражающая участие предпринимателя в инновационной деятельности. К независимым переменным относятся: наличие прошлого опыта предпринимательской деятельности, знакомство с предпринимателями, наличие возможностей для старта бизнеса, страх провала, наличие добровольной мотивации и высшего образования. При помощи модели конечной смеси логистических регрессий выделено 4 кластера стран. В первом и четвертом кластерах значимыми оказываются коэффициенты перед переменными знакомства с другими предпринимателями и добровольной мотивации. При этом в первом кластере, в отличие от четвертого, значимы коэффициенты перед переменными, отражающими человеческий капитал (наличие высшего образования и навыков, достаточных для старта бизнеса). Второй кластер представлен странами, обладающими наиболее развитыми характеристиками внешней среды: коэффициенты перед всеми интересующими нас переменными (за исключением страха провала) оказались значимыми. В третьем кластере, напротив, только наличие возможностей для старта бизнеса демонстрирует положительную связь с инновационной деятельностью.Скачивания
Библиографические ссылки
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Amini Sedeh A., Pezeshkan A., Caiazza R. (2022). Innovative entrepreneurship in emerging and developing economies: The effects of entrepreneurial competencies and institutional voids. Journal of Technology Transfer, 47 (4), 1198–1223. DOI: 10.1007/s10961-021-09874-1.
Autio E., Acs Z. (2010). Intellectual property protection and the formation of entrepreneurial growth aspirations. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 4 (3), 234–251. DOI: 10.1002/sej.93.
Bönte W., Falck O., Heblich S. (2009). The impact of regional age structure on entrepreneurship. Economic Geography, 85 (3), 269–287. DOI: 10.1111/j.1944-8287.2009.01032.x.
Boudreaux C. J., Nikolaev B. N., Klein P. (2019). Socio-cognitive traits and entrepreneurship: The moderating role of economic institutions. Journal of Business Venturing, 34 (1), 178–196. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.08.003.
Bullough A., Renko M., Myatt T. (2014). Danger zone entrepreneurs: The importance of resilience and self-efficacy for entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 38 (3), 473–499. DOI: 10.1111/etap.12006.
Colovic A., Lamotte O., Bayon M. C. (2019). Technology adoption and product innovation by third-age entrepreneurs: Evidence from GEM data. In: A. Maâlaoui (ed.), Handbook of Research on Elderly Entrepreneurship, 111–124. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-13334-4_7.
Diez-Vial I., Fernández-Olmos M. (2017). The effect of science and technology parks on a firm's performance: A dynamic approach over time. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 27 (3), 413–434. DOI: 10.1007/s00191-016-0481-5.
Fuentelsaz L., Maicas J. P., Montero J. (2018). Entrepreneurs and innovation: The contingent role of institutional factors. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 36 (6), 686–711. DOI: 10.1177/0266242618766235.
Gailly B. (2018). Navigating innovation: How to identify, prioritize and capture opportunities for strategic success. Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77191-5.
GEM (2023). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2023/2024 Global Report: 25 Years and Growing. Global Entrepreneurship Research Association.
Hyytinen A., Pajarinen M., Rouvinen P. (2015). Does innovativeness reduce startup survival rates? Journal of Business Venturing, 30 (4), 564–581. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2014.10.001.
Koellinger P. (2008). Why are some entrepreneurs more innovative than others? Small Business Economics, 31 (1), 21–37. DOI: 10.1007/s11187-008-9107-0.
Leisch F. (2004). FlexMix: A general framework for finite mixture models and latent class regression in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 11 (8), 1–18. DOI: 10.18637/jss.v011.i08.
Lim D. S. K., Oh C. H., De Clercq D. (2016). Engagement in entrepreneurship in emerging economies: Interactive effects of individual-level factors and institutional conditions. International Business Review, 25 (4), 933–945. DOI: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2015.12.001.
Marcotte C. (2014). Entrepreneurship and innovation in emerging economies: Conceptual, methodological and contextual issues. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 20 (1), 42–65. DOI: 10.1108/IJEBR-09-2012-0089.
Matsumoto D., Yoo S. H., Fontaine J. (2008). Mapping expressive differences around the world: The relationship between emotional display rules and individualism versus collectivism. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39 (1), 55–74. DOI: 10.1177/0022022107311854.
Oslo Manual (2018). Guidelines for collecting, reporting and using data on innovation (4th edition). OECD Publishing. DOI: 10.1787/9789264304604-en.
Pathak S., Laplume A. O., Xavier-Oliveira E. (2014). Opportunity recognition, intellectual property rights, barriers to technological adoption and technology entrepreneurship in emerging economies: A multilevel analysis. International Journal of Economics and Business Research, 7 (2), 130–158. DOI: 10.1504/IJEBR.2014.060029.
Pita M., Costa J., Moreira A. C. (2021). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and entrepreneurial initiative: Building a multi-country taxonomy. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13 (7). DOI: 10.3390/su13074065.
Ramaswamy V., Desarbo W. S., Reibstein D. J., Robinson W. T. (1993). An empirical pooling approach for estimating marketing mix elasticities with PIMS data. Marketing Science, 12 (1), 103–124. DOI: 10.1287/mksc.12.1.103.
Raza A., Saeed S., Yousafzai S., Shahid M. U., Muffatto M. (2020). Institutional adversity, external knowledge sources, and new ventures' innovation: An institutional polycentrism theory perspective. Industrial Marketing Management, 90, 633–647. DOI: 10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.03.018.
Schmutzler J., Andonova V., Diaz-Serrano L. (2019). How context shapes entrepreneurial self-efficacy as a driver of entrepreneurial intentions: A multilevel approach. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 43 (5), 880–920. DOI: 10.1177/1042258717753142.
Shane S. (2001). Technological opportunities and new firm creation. Management Science, 47 (2), 205–220. DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.47.2.205.9837.
Shane S., Locke E. A., Collins C. J. (2003). Entrepreneurial motivation. Human Resource Management Review, 13 (2), 257–259. DOI: 10.1016/S1053-4822(03)00017-2.
Stephan U., Uhlaner L. M. (2010). Performance-based vs socially supportive culture: A cross-national study of descriptive norms and entrepreneurship. Journal of International Business Studies, 41 (8), 1347–1364. DOI: 10.1057/jibs.2010.14.
Tominc P. (2019). Perceived innovativeness and competitiveness of early-stage entrepreneurs. Croatian Economic Survey, 21 (1), 87–108. DOI: 10.15179/ces.21.1.3.
Velilla J., Ortega R. (2020). Providing new products by innovative entrepreneurs in Europe. Economics and Business Letters, 9 (2), 90–96. DOI: 10.17811/ebl.9.2.2020.90-96.
Vyas V., Vyas R. (2019). Human capital, its constituents, and entrepreneurial innovation: A multi-level modelling of global entrepreneurship monitor data. Technology Innovation Management Review, 9 (8), 5–17. DOI: 10.22215/TIMREVIEW/1257.
Wood R., Bandura A. (1989). Social cognitive theory of organizational management. Academy of Management Review, 14 (3), 361–384. DOI: 10.5465/amr.1989.4279067.
